主流PD/A城市污水处理的挑战及调控策略研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0404

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厌氧氨氧化作为一种自养脱氮工艺，为发展高效低耗的城市污水处理技术、节省生物能源提供了新途径，通过与短程反硝化耦合可实现高效脱氮，在城市污水处理中展现出良好的应用前景。从短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化（PD/A）代谢特性、微生物群落结构、进水基质和环境温度条件等角度综述了主流短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺处理城市污水的局限性，指出主流短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化的诱导和实施以及工艺稳定运行是亟待解决的关键问题，提出了应对各项挑战的可能解决方案，并且对主流短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺的未来发展进行展望。

关键词: 厌氧氨氧化, 短程反硝化, 主流工艺, 城市污水, 调控策略

Abstract:

As an autotrophic nitrogen removal process,anammox provides a new way to develop an efficient and low-consumption urban sewage treatment technology and save bioenergy. By coupling with short-term denitrification, efficient nitrogen removal can be achieved,showing a good application prospect in municipal wastewater treatment. In this paper, the limitations of the mainstream short-term denitrification anaerobic ammox process for treating municipal wastewater were reviewed from the perspectives of metabolic characteristics, microbial community structure,influent substrate and ambient temperature conditions. The induction and implementation of the mainstream short-term denitrification anaerobic ammox process and the stable operation were key issues to be solved urgently. Possible solutions to these challenges were presented, and the future development of the mainstream shortterm denitrification anaerobic ammox process was prospected.

Key words: Anammox, partial denitrification, mainstream process, municipal wastewater, regulation strategy

中图分类号:

X703

刘浩杰, 任核葶. 主流PD/A城市污水处理的挑战及调控策略研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(4): 46-56.

Haojie LIU, Heting REN. Research progress on challenges and control strategies of mainstream partial denitrification anammox in municipal wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(4): 46-56.

https://gyscl.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V46/I4/46

图/表 4

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方法	材料/措施	影响	参考文献
	磁铁矿	SAA增加33.3%	〔18〕
	磁赤铁矿	NRR提高55%	〔19〕
	零价铁（ZVI）	AnAOB数量增加54%	〔20〕
	Fe₃SO₄	SAA增加1.6倍	〔21〕
添加导电材料	纳米零价铁（nZVI）	ARE提高9.47%，NRE提高14.50%	〔22〕
	Fe（Ⅱ）	NRE增加20.84%	〔23〕
	Fe（Ⅲ）	最大SAA增加533.2%，NRR提高20%	〔24〕
	Mn（Ⅱ）	SAA增加25%	〔25〕
	椰子生物炭	Anammox启动时间从69 d缩短至46 d，平均ARE为96%	〔26〕
	颗粒活性炭（GAC）	NRE提高1.08%，EPS值提高17.9%	〔27〕
添加生物载体	石墨烯（GO）	HDH活性提高19.9%，NIR活性提高27.9%，NRR增加近46%	〔28〕
	沸石	SAA增加42.86%	〔29〕
	无机碳（KHCO₃）	NRR增加126.92%	〔30〕
补充Anammox中间体	N₂H₄	SAA增加42%	〔31〕
补充Anammox中间体	NH₂OH	Anammox启动时间减少39 d，NRE增加6.36%	〔32〕
	电场	AnAOB相对丰度达到43.9%	〔33〕
施加物理场	磁场	NRR提高30%，节省约1/4的培养时间	〔34〕
	超声波	NRR提高25.5%	〔35〕

方法	材料/措施	影响	参考文献
	磁铁矿	SAA增加33.3%	〔18〕
	磁赤铁矿	NRR提高55%	〔19〕
	零价铁（ZVI）	AnAOB数量增加54%	〔20〕
	Fe₃SO₄	SAA增加1.6倍	〔21〕
添加导电材料	纳米零价铁（nZVI）	ARE提高9.47%，NRE提高14.50%	〔22〕
	Fe（Ⅱ）	NRE增加20.84%	〔23〕
	Fe（Ⅲ）	最大SAA增加533.2%，NRR提高20%	〔24〕
	Mn（Ⅱ）	SAA增加25%	〔25〕
	椰子生物炭	Anammox启动时间从69 d缩短至46 d，平均ARE为96%	〔26〕
	颗粒活性炭（GAC）	NRE提高1.08%，EPS值提高17.9%	〔27〕
添加生物载体	石墨烯（GO）	HDH活性提高19.9%，NIR活性提高27.9%，NRR增加近46%	〔28〕
	沸石	SAA增加42.86%	〔29〕
	无机碳（KHCO₃）	NRR增加126.92%	〔30〕
补充Anammox中间体	N₂H₄	SAA增加42%	〔31〕
补充Anammox中间体	NH₂OH	Anammox启动时间减少39 d，NRE增加6.36%	〔32〕
	电场	AnAOB相对丰度达到43.9%	〔33〕
施加物理场	磁场	NRR提高30%，节省约1/4的培养时间	〔34〕
	超声波	NRR提高25.5%	〔35〕

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