电絮凝处理乳化油废水电极设计及COMSOL模拟机理研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0401

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对电絮凝（EC）处理乳化油废水过程中的多孔电极进行设计并基于COMSOL模拟软件对此过程中的协同电-气浮机制进行研究。实验结果表明，采用铝极板作为阳极和阴极时，处理效果最佳。在不同极板组合条件中，穿孔阳极与穿孔阴极的组合表现出更高的处理效率。当穿孔数量为16时，去除效率最高，反应120 min后COD去除率为97.58%，油去除率为96.09%。模拟部分利用COMSOL软件构建了O/W型乳化液中油滴在电场作用下的数值模拟模型，分析了电场对油滴破乳过程的影响。结果表明，穿孔电极的冲孔边缘电场强度显著增强，这种增强的电场使得放电电流增大，从而强化了电极表面的电化学反应，加速了絮凝体的形成，提高了污染物的去除效率。此外，气浮作用能够显著加快油滴的聚集和融合速度，加速乳化油的破乳过程。当穿孔极板作为阴极时，能够产生更多的氢气气泡，进一步增强气浮效果，显著提升乳化油废水的处理效率。

关键词: COMSOL仿真模拟, 电化学, 穿孔电极, 乳化油废水, 破乳

Abstract:

The porous electrodes used in the EC treatment of emulsified oil wastewater were designed, and a study of the synergistic electro-flotation mechanism in this process was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The experimental results showed that the best treatment effect was achieved when the aluminum plate was used as the anode and cathode. Under different plate combination, the combination of perforated anode and perforated cathode showed higher processing efficiency. When the number of perforations was 16, the removal efficiency was the highest, and the removal rate of COD was 97.58% and the removal rate of oil content was 96.09%. In the simulation part, the numerical simulation model of the oil droplets in the O/W emulsion under the action of electric field was constructed by COMSOL software, and the influence of the electric field on the demulsification process of the oil droplets was analyzed. The results showed that the electric field strength of the perforated edge of the perforated plate was significantly enhanced, and the enhanced electric field increased the discharge current, thereby strengthening the electrochemical reaction on the electrode surface, accelerating the formation of flocs, and improving the removal efficiency of pollutants. In addition, air flotation can significantly accelerate the aggregation and fusion of oil droplets, and accelerate the demulsification process of emulsified oil. When the perforated plate was used as the cathode, more hydrogen bubbles can be generated, which further enhanced the air flotation effect and significantly improved the treatment efficiency of emulsified oil wastewater.

Key words: COMSOL simulations, electrochemistry, perforated electrodes, emulsified oil wastewater, demulsification

中图分类号:

X703.1

偏正平, 王冰, 居正, 姚萌, 冉治霖. 电絮凝处理乳化油废水电极设计及COMSOL模拟机理研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(4): 123-130.

Zhengping PIAN, Bing WANG, Zheng JU, Meng YAO, Zhilin RAN. Electrode design for EC removal of emulsified oil in water and mechanism study via COMSOL simulation[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(4): 123-130.

https://gyscl.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V46/I4/123

图/表 10

图1 EC反应器

Fig.1 Electroflocculation reactor

表1 水相和油相的模拟参数

Table 1 Simulation parameters for aqueous and oil phases

相位	相对介电常数	黏度/（Pa∙s）	密度/（kg·m^-3）
水相	80	1.01×10^-3	1 000
油相	2.4	0.474	884

图2 不同电极材料下COD和油的去除效果随时间的变化

Fig.2 Variation of COD and oil content removal effects with different electrode materials over time

图3 不同极板几何形状组合下COD和油的去除效果随时间的变化

Fig.3 Variation of COD and oil content removal effects over time under different plate geometry combinations

图4 不同穿孔数量下COD和油的去除效果随时间的变化

Fig.4 Variation of COD and oil content removal effects over time under different number of perforations

图5 电絮凝后的不同阳极极板表面

Fig.5 Surface diagram of different plates after electrofloculation

图6 网格划分

Fig.6 Meshing

图7 破乳过程及机理分析

Fig.7 Demulsification process and mechanism analysis

图8 不同极板条件下板间静电场的分布

Fig.8 Distribution of electrostatic field between plates under different plate conditions

图9 不同气浮条件下油滴的聚集过程

Fig.9 Aggregation process of oil droplets under different air flotation conditions

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