Two-step synthesis of nano-biochar and its adsorption performance for tetracycline hydrochloride

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0426

Abstract

Abstract:

Although significant progress has been made in using biochar for the removal of antibiotics such as tetracycline hydrochloride, challenges remain in improving its dispersion, surface reactivity, and adsorption efficiency,highlighting the need for nanoscale engineering. In this study, monodisperse nano-biochar was synthesized from corn straw via a two-step precipitation-pyrolysis method and employed for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride from aqueous solutions. The effects of material type, contact time, reaction temperature, and tetracycline hydrochloride concentration on the adsorption performance of nano-biochar were systematically investigated. The experimental results revealed that the nano-biochar prepared by the two-step method exhibited significantly enhanced removal efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride compared to conventional biochar. Under optimized conditions (25 ℃, initial tetracycline hydrochloride concentration of 200 mg/L, and 0.5 g/L nano-biochar dosage), the maximum adsorption capacity reached 141.4 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was primarily driven by the synergistic effects of physical and chemical adsorption. Compared to conventional biochar, the smaller particle size of nano-biochar enabled stable dispersion in aqueous solutions, thereby improving contact efficiency with pollutants. Additionally, the nano-biochar surface is rich in functional groups and active sites, which facilitates the formation of stable chemical bonds, further enhancing adsorption capacity and binding stability.

Key words: nano-biochar, precipitation-pyrolysis method, tetracycline hydrochloride, adsorption mechanism

摘要：

尽管在利用生物炭去除盐酸四环素等抗生素方面已取得显著进展，但其在分散性、表面反应活性和吸附效率方面仍面临一定挑战，这凸显了对其进行纳米尺度工程改造的必要性。以玉米秸秆为原料，采用沉淀-热解两步法合成了单分散性优异的纳米生物炭，并将其用于盐酸四环素的去除研究。系统考察了材料类型、接触时间、反应温度和盐酸四环素浓度等因素对纳米生物炭吸附盐酸四环素性能的影响。实验结果表明，两步法制备的纳米生物炭较普通生物炭对盐酸四环素的去除效果更加优异。在25 ℃，盐酸四环素初始质量浓度为200 mg/L以及添加0.5 g/L纳米生物炭的条件下，盐酸四环素的最大吸附量可达141.4 mg/g。机理研究表明，该吸附过程主要由物理吸附与化学吸附的协同作用驱动。相较于普通生物炭，纳米生物炭粒径小，易在水相中稳定分散，显著提升与污染物的接触效率。纳米生物炭表面富含官能团和活性位点，可形成稳定化学键，提升吸附容量和结合稳定性。

关键词: 纳米生物炭, 沉淀-热解法, 盐酸四环素, 吸附机制

CLC Number:

X703.1

Yanjing LI, Qiushi JIANG, Yuhan ZHANG, Haochen LI, Jieling REN, Wen CAO, Liejin GUO. Two-step synthesis of nano-biochar and its adsorption performance for tetracycline hydrochloride[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(4): 67-74.

李彦景, 姜秋实, 张瑜涵, 李昊宸, 任杰玲, 曹稳, 郭烈锦. 两步法纳米生物炭的制备及其对盐酸四环素的吸附性能[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(4): 67-74.

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URL: https://gyscl.magtechjournal.com/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0426

https://gyscl.magtechjournal.com/EN/Y2026/V46/I4/67

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 Analysis of the physicochemical properties of the hydrolysate-derived precipitate

Fig.2 Adsorption capacity of different biochar for tetracycline hydrochloride

Table 1 Fitting parameters of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models for tetracycline hydrochloride adsorption by N-BC₆₀₀

吸附剂	准一级反应动力学				准二级反应动力学
吸附剂	k ₁	Q _e	R²		k ₂	Q _e	R²
N-BC₆₀₀	2.833 2	134.260 74	0.976 43		0.041 97	139.285 84	0.995 82

Fig.3 Kinetic fitting curves for tetracycline hydrochloride adsorption by N-BC₆₀₀

Fig.4 Adsorption isotherms of tetracycline hydrochloride on N-BC₆₀₀

Table 2 N-BC₆₀₀adsorption isotherm model fitting parameters for tetracycline hydrochloride

Langmuir模型			Freundlich模型
Q _m	K _L	R ²	K _F	1/n	R ²
177.945 66	0.021 12	0.940 83	21.675 87	0.361 07	0.899 89

Fig.5 Adsorption capacity of N-BC₆₀₀ for tetracycline hydrochloride at different temperatures

Fig.6 SEM images of BC₆₀₀（a） and N-BC₆₀₀（b），and low-magnification SEM image of N-BC₆₀₀ along with its elemental analysis by EDS（c）

Fig.7 N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm of N-BC₆₀₀

Fig.8 FTIR spectra of N-BC₆₀₀ and N-BC_T（a） and XPS spectra（b-d）

Fig.9 FTIR spectra of BC₆₀₀ and BC_T（a） and XPS spectra（b-d）

Fig.10 Schematic illustration of the interaction mechanism between N-BC₆₀₀ and tetracycline hydrochloride

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