Advances in microalgae-bacteria consortia for removal of antibiotic from wastewater

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0382

Abstract

Abstract:

The widespread use of antibiotics, coupled with the inadequate removal efficiency of these substances by traditional wastewater treatment methods, has resulted in the global presence of antibiotics at varying concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. The microalgae-bacteria consortia presents a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment,characterized by its high removal capacity, suppression of resistance gene proliferation, and the potential for biomass recovery. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the structure and characteristics of the microalgae-bacteria consortia, while also summarized the effects of antibiotics on this system. The mechanisms of antibiotic removal by microalgae and bacteria were analyzed, and the potential pathways for antibiotic degradation within the symbiotic framework were presented. Furthermore, this paper critically examined the influence of various factors,including the type and concentration of antibiotics, the biochemical composition of the microalgae-bacteria consortia,illumination, temperature, as well as pH on the efficiency and pathways of antibiotic removal. Additionally, innovative microalgae-bacteria consortia currently in development for the purpose of antibiotic remediation was highlighted. Based on the findings, future research directions were proposed, which included investigating the molecular interactions between microalgae and bacteria, optimizing species combinations, and assessing the impact of antibiotics on the microalgae-bacteria consortia within complex aquatic environments.

Key words: microalgae-bacteria consortia, antibiotics, removal pathways, influencing factors

摘要：

抗生素的广泛使用及传统污水处理手段对抗生素的去除效率偏低导致全球范围内的水环境中均有不同浓度的抗生素检出。藻菌共生系统是一种可持续的废水处理方法，具有高效去除抗生素、减少抗性基因增殖和收获生物质等优势。综述了藻菌共生系统的结构及特性，总结了抗生素对藻菌共生系统的影响；综合微藻与细菌对抗生素的去除机制，归纳出藻菌共生系统去除抗生素的可能途径；分析讨论了抗生素种类及浓度、生物组成、光照、温度、pH等因素对抗生素去除途径及效率的影响；介绍了现有的基于藻菌共生系统去除抗生素的新技术。在此基础上，提出了未来需要深入研究的方向，如藻菌分子层面上的相互作用、物种的合理组合及复杂水环境中抗生素对藻菌共生系统的影响等。

关键词: 藻菌共生系统, 抗生素, 去除途径, 影响因素

CLC Number:

X703

Yue PENG, Ruying LI, Qia ZHAO. Advances in microalgae-bacteria consortia for removal of antibiotic from wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(4): 1-16.

彭悦, 李茹莹, 赵恰. 藻菌共生系统去除污水中抗生素的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(4): 1-16.

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藻菌共生系统					光照			其他环境条件			废水类型	目标抗生素		去除情况		参考文献
藻	菌	生长状态	藻菌比例	投加量	光源	强度	光暗比	振荡	温度/℃	pH	废水类型	种类	质量浓度/ （mg·L^-1）	去除率/%	途径	参考文献
斜生栅藻	湖泊底泥	悬浮	1∶1	0.02 g/L	LED白光	4 000 Lx	12 h∶12 h	振荡	25±2		养殖废水	CIP	40 160	96.10±0.07 38.6±2.0		〔6〕
斜生栅藻	粪产碱菌	菌固定化	1∶2				14 h∶10 h	定时搅拌	25	7.1~7.2	模拟废水	TC	10 50	93.87 77.18	水解，生物降解，生物吸附	〔7〕
斜生栅藻为主	共生细菌	藻菌共固定			人工光源				随季节变化	7.4~7.5	污染地下水	CIP	33.5±20.9	100	生物降解，光降解，吸附	〔8〕
												ENR	20±0.6	100
												OFL	77±19	100
												SA	64.7±0.5	100
												SDZ	23.4±6.4	100
												SMZ	78.11±11.80	100
												SMT	10.2±1.1	5±7
												SMX	157.2±48.0	100
												SPY	3.4±0.8	51±35
												STZ	22.7±9.4	83±24
无绿藻	铜绿假单胞菌	悬浮	1∶1 （体积比）	1% （体积分数）				180 r/min	20~40	4~9	畜禽养殖废水	AMX	5~50	>80	生物降解	〔9〕
网球藻属为主	假单胞菌属为主	悬浮		0.15 g/L		（95±5） μmol/（m²·s）			25±1	6.8~7.5	模拟废水	OTC	1 100	100 99.2	生物降解	〔10〕
麦克属微藻	共生细菌	悬浮				3 000 Lx	14 h∶8 h	定期曝气	24±1			SMX	0.1 1	97.3±4.9 62.7±2.8	生物降解为主，吸附次之	〔11〕
阿尔默栅藻	共生细菌	悬浮		1 g/L	LED白光	12.62 mW/cm²	12 h∶12 h	200 r/min	25	8	模拟废水	TC	1	1.03	水解	〔12〕
														6.83	光降解
														14.29	生物降解
														77.78	生物吸附
												CIP	0.5	1.39	水解
														7.29	光降解
														69.33	生物吸附
												SDZ	0.1	2.94	水解
														3.94	光降解
														9.94	生物吸附
														35.76	生物降解
												SMX	0.02	5.01	生物降解
普通小球藻	活性污泥玫瑰色拟青霉地衣芽孢杆菌藻内生菌	悬浮		116.24±6.39 mg/L	红蓝光，强度比 5∶5	200 μmol/（m²·s）	12 h∶12 h		25±0.5		养猪废水	TC	2	98.77±1.05		〔13〕
												OTC	2	93.74±5.06
												CIP	2	62.44±5.58
												NOR	2	55.07±4.97
												SDM	2	70.39±6.03
												SMX	2	67.46±6.25
普通小球藻	厌氧污泥	悬浮			LED白光				30±1		水产养殖废水	FLO	0.5~5	>80	生物降解	〔14〕
普通小球藻	枯草芽孢杆菌	藻菌共固定化	1∶1（体积比）	1 g∶2.39 mL（质量体积比）	LED白光	（200±22） μmol/（m²·s）	24 h∶0		25±2	7.31~7.45	模拟制药废水	LIN	82	98.54	生物降解	〔15〕
普通小球藻	硝化污泥	生物膜				（3 000± 250） Lx	12 h∶12 h	全混	25±2		合成废水	SMX	0.2	44.6~75.8 （长期运行）		〔16〕
索罗金小球藻	泛养副球菌	悬浮			冷光灯	4 000 Lx	24 h∶0	150 r/min	28		养猪废水	TCH	0.5 2	70.58 93.33		〔17〕
蛋白核小球藻	活性污泥	悬浮	5∶1	0.2 g/L		4 000 Lx	12 h∶12 h		25±1		模拟生活污水	LEV	0.1 1	33.62 57.20	生物降解	〔18〕
蛋白核小球藻	厌氧污泥	悬浮，分隔两腔室	7∶4	2.37 g/L		6 000 Lx	12 h∶12 h	60 r/min	252		模拟海水养殖废水	SMX	0.1 1	73.5 58.5	生物降解	〔19〕
巨球藻	天然废水细菌	藻固定化		藻100 mg/L	LED白光	3 500 Lx	12 h∶12 h	连续扰动	25±1		城市污水	SMX	4.51~5.67 μg/L	48.59~74.25 （长期运行）		〔20〕
自然环境中的藻菌共生系统		悬浮		115 mg/L	LED白光	（235±22） μmol/（m²·s）	24 h∶0		室温	8.54	污水处理厂出水	TMP	0.05	15.93±1.82	生物降解	〔21〕
														1.03±0.07	生物吸附
														0.98±0.03	生物蓄积
														6.64±0.77	非生物去除
												SMX	0.05	43.36±0.75	生物降解
												SMX	0.05	4.98±0.32	非生物去除

藻菌共生系统					光照			其他环境条件			废水类型	目标抗生素		去除情况		参考文献
藻	菌	生长状态	藻菌比例	投加量	光源	强度	光暗比	振荡	温度/℃	pH	废水类型	种类	质量浓度/ （mg·L^-1）	去除率/%	途径	参考文献
斜生栅藻	湖泊底泥	悬浮	1∶1	0.02 g/L	LED白光	4 000 Lx	12 h∶12 h	振荡	25±2		养殖废水	CIP	40 160	96.10±0.07 38.6±2.0		〔6〕
斜生栅藻	粪产碱菌	菌固定化	1∶2				14 h∶10 h	定时搅拌	25	7.1~7.2	模拟废水	TC	10 50	93.87 77.18	水解，生物降解，生物吸附	〔7〕
斜生栅藻为主	共生细菌	藻菌共固定			人工光源				随季节变化	7.4~7.5	污染地下水	CIP	33.5±20.9	100	生物降解，光降解，吸附	〔8〕
												ENR	20±0.6	100
												OFL	77±19	100
												SA	64.7±0.5	100
												SDZ	23.4±6.4	100
												SMZ	78.11±11.80	100
												SMT	10.2±1.1	5±7
												SMX	157.2±48.0	100
												SPY	3.4±0.8	51±35
												STZ	22.7±9.4	83±24
无绿藻	铜绿假单胞菌	悬浮	1∶1 （体积比）	1% （体积分数）				180 r/min	20~40	4~9	畜禽养殖废水	AMX	5~50	>80	生物降解	〔9〕
网球藻属为主	假单胞菌属为主	悬浮		0.15 g/L		（95±5） μmol/（m²·s）			25±1	6.8~7.5	模拟废水	OTC	1 100	100 99.2	生物降解	〔10〕
麦克属微藻	共生细菌	悬浮				3 000 Lx	14 h∶8 h	定期曝气	24±1			SMX	0.1 1	97.3±4.9 62.7±2.8	生物降解为主，吸附次之	〔11〕
阿尔默栅藻	共生细菌	悬浮		1 g/L	LED白光	12.62 mW/cm²	12 h∶12 h	200 r/min	25	8	模拟废水	TC	1	1.03	水解	〔12〕
														6.83	光降解
														14.29	生物降解
														77.78	生物吸附
												CIP	0.5	1.39	水解
														7.29	光降解
														69.33	生物吸附
												SDZ	0.1	2.94	水解
														3.94	光降解
														9.94	生物吸附
														35.76	生物降解
												SMX	0.02	5.01	生物降解
普通小球藻	活性污泥玫瑰色拟青霉地衣芽孢杆菌藻内生菌	悬浮		116.24±6.39 mg/L	红蓝光，强度比 5∶5	200 μmol/（m²·s）	12 h∶12 h		25±0.5		养猪废水	TC	2	98.77±1.05		〔13〕
												OTC	2	93.74±5.06
												CIP	2	62.44±5.58
												NOR	2	55.07±4.97
												SDM	2	70.39±6.03
												SMX	2	67.46±6.25
普通小球藻	厌氧污泥	悬浮			LED白光				30±1		水产养殖废水	FLO	0.5~5	>80	生物降解	〔14〕
普通小球藻	枯草芽孢杆菌	藻菌共固定化	1∶1（体积比）	1 g∶2.39 mL（质量体积比）	LED白光	（200±22） μmol/（m²·s）	24 h∶0		25±2	7.31~7.45	模拟制药废水	LIN	82	98.54	生物降解	〔15〕
普通小球藻	硝化污泥	生物膜				（3 000± 250） Lx	12 h∶12 h	全混	25±2		合成废水	SMX	0.2	44.6~75.8 （长期运行）		〔16〕
索罗金小球藻	泛养副球菌	悬浮			冷光灯	4 000 Lx	24 h∶0	150 r/min	28		养猪废水	TCH	0.5 2	70.58 93.33		〔17〕
蛋白核小球藻	活性污泥	悬浮	5∶1	0.2 g/L		4 000 Lx	12 h∶12 h		25±1		模拟生活污水	LEV	0.1 1	33.62 57.20	生物降解	〔18〕
蛋白核小球藻	厌氧污泥	悬浮，分隔两腔室	7∶4	2.37 g/L		6 000 Lx	12 h∶12 h	60 r/min	252		模拟海水养殖废水	SMX	0.1 1	73.5 58.5	生物降解	〔19〕
巨球藻	天然废水细菌	藻固定化		藻100 mg/L	LED白光	3 500 Lx	12 h∶12 h	连续扰动	25±1		城市污水	SMX	4.51~5.67 μg/L	48.59~74.25 （长期运行）		〔20〕
自然环境中的藻菌共生系统		悬浮		115 mg/L	LED白光	（235±22） μmol/（m²·s）	24 h∶0		室温	8.54	污水处理厂出水	TMP	0.05	15.93±1.82	生物降解	〔21〕
														1.03±0.07	生物吸附
														0.98±0.03	生物蓄积
														6.64±0.77	非生物去除
												SMX	0.05	43.36±0.75	生物降解
												SMX	0.05	4.98±0.32	非生物去除

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