Treatment of actual electroless nickel plating bath waste by potassium ferrate oxidation and self-flocculation

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0688

Abstract

Abstract:

Electroless nickel plating process is widely used in industrial fields and generates a large amount of wastewater. This type of wastewater generally consists of pretreatment process wastewater， cleaning water， waste plating solution and other wastewater with complex composition and microbial toxicity， which will cause serious pollution to the natural environment if discharged directly. Potassium ferrate（K₂FeO₄） was used to treat bath waste of electroless nickel plating containing high concentrations of Ni and COD. The effects of K₂FeO₄ concentration and initial pH of wastewater on treatment were investigated. The results showed that the optimum concentration of K₂FeO₄ was 5 mmol/L and the optimal initial pH of the wastewater was 3. The complex-breaking efficiency of K₂FeO₄ was up to 99% for complexed Ni and the removal rate of COD was up to 80%. UPLC-MS characterization showed that Ni in the wastewater mainly existed in the form of malic acid-Ni. The reaction mechanism of K₂FeO₄ for bath waste of electroless nickel plating may be as follows： K₂FeO₄ reacts with the reducing substances in the wastewater to form reduction product Fe（Ⅲ）， and then replaces with Ni-organic complex. Meanwhile， the flocculation effect of Fe（Ⅲ） can reduce COD of the wastewater.

Key words: potassium ferrate, electroless nickel plating bath, breaking complexation

摘要：

化学镀镍工艺广泛应用于工业生产领域，并产生大量废水。此类废水一般由预处理工艺废水、镀件清洗水、废镀液及其他废水组成，成分复杂，具有微生物毒性，如直接排放会对自然环境造成严重污染。采用高铁酸钾（K₂FeO₄）对含高浓度Ni和COD的化学镀镍废槽液进行处理，探讨K₂FeO₄浓度、废水初始pH对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明，K₂FeO₄最适浓度为5 mmol/L，最佳废水初始pH为3，对络合态Ni的破络效率最高可达99%，COD去除率最高达80%。超高效液相色谱-质谱（UPLC-MS）表征结果显示，废水中的Ni主要以苹果酸-Ni形态存在。K₂FeO₄处理化学镀镍废槽液的机理可能为：K₂FeO₄先与废水中的还原物质反应得到还原产物Fe（Ⅲ），再与Ni-有机络合物发生置换使Ni游离，同时，Fe（Ⅲ）的絮凝作用可降低废水的COD。

关键词: K₂FeO₄, 化学镀镍槽液, 破络合

CLC Number:

X703

Xiuqin XIONG, Guansheng XIE, Zhen YU, Ling LAI, Penghui SHAO, Liming YANG, Hui SHI, Xubiao LUO. Treatment of actual electroless nickel plating bath waste by potassium ferrate oxidation and self-flocculation[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(4): 78-83.

熊秀琴, 谢观生, 余真, 赖玲, 邵鹏辉, 杨利明, 石慧, 罗旭彪. 高铁酸钾氧化自絮凝处理实际化学镀镍废槽液[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(4): 78-83.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: https://gyscl.magtechjournal.com/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0688

https://gyscl.magtechjournal.com/EN/Y2022/V42/I4/78

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 Quality of bath waste from electroless nickel plating

项目	Cr	Mn	Ag	Pd	Cd	Ni	Co	Cu	Fe	pH	TOC
数值	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	未检出	4 868	1.475	未检出	未检出	4.61	17 000
项目	F^-	Cl^-	NO₃ ^-	PO₄ ^3-	SO₄ ^2-	Br^-	NO₂ ^-	NH₃-N	COD	浊度	色度
数值	10 913	14 736	4 226	67 910	69 191	未检出	未检出	4 878	48 152	0.57	50

Fig. 1 Treatment effects of different oxidants on wastewater

Fig. 2 Treatment effect of K₂FeO₄ concentration on wastewater

Fig. 3 Treatment effect of initial pH on wastewater

Fig. 4 Spectra of UPLC-MS

Fig. 5 Removal of Ni from simulated wastewater and bath waste under different conditions

Fig. 6 UV-Vis spectrum and CV curve

References 18

1	MOERSIDIK S S， NUGROHO R， HANDAYANI M， et al. Optimization and reaction kinetics on the removal of nickel and COD from wastewater from electroplating industry using electrocoagulation and advanced oxidation processes［J］. Heliyon， 2020， 6（2）：e03319. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03319
2	WANG Tiecheng， CAO Yang， QU Guangzhou， et al. Novel Cu（Ⅱ）-EDTA decomplexation by discharge plasma oxidation and coupled Cu removal by alkaline precipitation：Underneath mechanisms［J］. Environmental Science & Technology， 2018， 52（14）：7884-7891. doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02039
3	管锡珺，仇模凯，夏丽佳，等. Fenton-混凝沉淀法预处理锂电池加工高浓度废水［J］. 工业水处理， 2018，38（12）：76-80. doi:10.11894/1005-829x.2018.38(12).076
	Pretreatment of high⁃concentration lithium battery processing Waste water by Fenton⁃coagulation precipitation method［J］. Industrial Water Treatment， 2018，38（12）：76-80. doi:10.11894/1005-829x.2018.38(12).076
4	HUANG Xianfeng， XU You， SHAN Chao， et al. Coupled Cu（Ⅱ）⁃EDTA degradation and Cu（Ⅱ） removal from acidic wastewater by ozonation：Performance， products and pathways［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal， 2016， 299：23-29. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.044
5	LEE S S， BAI Hongwei， LIU Zhaoyang， et al. Green approach for photocatalytic Cu（Ⅱ）‑EDTA degradation over TiO₂：Toward environmental sustainability［J］. Environmental Science & Technology， 2015， 49（4）：2541-2548. doi:10.1021/es504711e
6	LI Jiayi， MA Jinxing， DAI Ruobin， et al. Self‑enhanced de complexation of Cu‑organic complexes and Cu recovery from wastewaters using an electrochemical membrane filtration system［J］. Environmental Science & Technology， 2021， 55（1）：655-664. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c05554
7	ZHAO Xu， GUO Libao， ZHANG Baofeng， et al. Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of Cu（Ⅱ）-EDTA at the TiO₂ electrode and simultaneous recovery of Cu（Ⅱ） by electrodeposition［J］. Environmental Science & Technology， 2013， 47（9）：4480-4488. doi:10.1021/es3046982
8	HU Jiawei， LI Zhuo， ZHANG Ai， et al. Using a strong chemical oxidant， potassium ferrate （K₂FeO₄）， in waste activated sludge treatment：A review［J］. Environmental Research， 2020， 188：109764. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109764
9	LEE Y， KISSNER R， GUNTEN U VON. Reaction of ferrate（Ⅵ） with ABTS and self‑decay of ferrate（Ⅵ）：Kinetics and mechanisms［J］. Environmental Science & Technology， 2014， 48（9）：5154-5162.
10	LI Min， LIANG Bo， SHANG Jie， et al. Treatment of polysilicon production wastewater by ferrate（Ⅵ） microcapsule oxidation and biological aerated biofilter［J］. Water， Air， & Soil Pollution， 2019， 230（11）：1-9. doi:10.1007/s11270-019-4279-6
11	HAN Hongjing， LI Jinxin， GE Qin， et al. Green ferrate（Ⅵ） for multiple treatments of fracturing wastewater：Demulsification， visbreaking， and chemical oxygen demand removal［J］. International Journal of Molecular Sciences， 2019， 20（8）：1857. doi:10.3390/ijms20081857
12	ZHAO Yi， QIU Wen， YANG Chunyan， et al. Removal of arsenic from flue gas by using NaClO solution［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal， 2017， 309：1-6. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.007
13	朱明璇. 高铁酸钾同步去除水中铜、镉和磷的氧化絮凝特性研究［D］. 济南：山东建筑大学，2020.
	ZHU Mingxuan. Study on oxidative flocculation characteristics of simultaneous removal of copper， cadmium and phosphorus by potassium ferrate in water［D］. Jinan：Shandong Jianzhu University， 2020.
14	WU Jianzhong， CAI Yimin， ZHANG Mingqi， et al. Enhancing oxidative capability of ferrate（Ⅵ） for oxidative destruction of phenol in water through intercalation of ferrate（Ⅵ） into layered double hydroxide［J］. Applied Clay Science， 2019， 171：48-56. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2019.02.006
15	赵文君，史晓梅，吴子毅，等. 离子色谱法测定糖蜜样品中氯离子、硫酸根和硝酸根含量［J］. 食品安全质量检测学报，2020，11（24）：9239-9243.
	ZHAO Wenjun， SHI Xiaomei， WU Ziyi， et al. Determination of chloridion， sulfate and nitrate in molasses samples by ion chromatography［J］. Journal of Food Safety & Quality， 2020， 11（24）：9239-9243.
16	赵天龙，解光宁，张晓霞，等. 酸性土壤上植物应对铝胁迫的过程与机制［J］. 应用生态学报，2013，24（10）：3003-3011.
	ZHAO Tianlong， XIE Guangning， ZHANG Xiaoxia， et al. Process and mechanism of plants in overcoming acid soil aluminum stress［J］. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2013， 24（10）：3003-3011
17	JIANG Zhao， YE Yuxuan， ZHANG Xiaolin， et al. Validation of a combined Fe（Ⅲ）/UV/NaOH process for efficient removal of carboxyl complexed Ni from synthetic and authentic effluents［J］. Chemosphere， 2019， 234：917-924. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.128
18	XU Zhe， GAO Guandao， PAN Bingcai， et al. A new combined process for efficient removal of Cu（Ⅱ） organic complexes from wastewater：Fe（Ⅲ） displacement/UV degradation/alkaline precipitation［J］. Water Research， 2015， 87：378-384. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.025

[1]	Yao TANG, Gaojie LIANG, Zongwu SHI, Jian ZHOU, Xunhui XIONG. Study on transformation and removal of phosphorus species in the treatment of spent electroless nickel plating bath [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(6): 135-142.
[2]	Shuyan Zang,Xiaochen Luo,Huafeng Zhou,Juan Wang,Bo Li,Yi Dong,Wenlong Li. Treatment of arsenic complex polluted wastewater with multifunctional oxidant potassium ferrate [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(1): 66-70.
[3]	Yunbo Zhang,Yifan Wang,Hongbo Wang. Research progress in preparation of green water treatment agent potassium ferrate [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(11): 10-14.
[4]	Shiding He,Kaikai Wang,Haifu Liu,Nannan Wang,Hongbo Wang. Study on the degradation of organic matter in wastewater by pretreatment with potassium ferrate [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(7): 70-73.
[5]	Shiding He,Haining Li,Kaikai Wang,Haifu Liu,Hongbo Wang. Research progress in the removal of heavy metals and other pollutants from wastewater by ferrate [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(5): 5-9.
[6]	Chunsheng Ding,Lijun Zhou,Maohu Xiao,Ming Jiang. Experimental study on removal of dichloroacetonitrile by potassium ferrate [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(12): 82-85.
[7]	Zhu Kaijin, Li Min, Ren Xiaoli, Tan Junhua, Sun Yao, Zhao Runzhu, Lai Xuehui. Effective catalysis of silver ions on the K₂FeO₄ oxidation of coking wastewater under the action of silicate ions [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2018, 38(2): 59-62.
[8]	Peng Mingjiang, Wu Juzhen. Research on the influential factors of the polycrystalline silicon wastewater treatment by potassium ferrate [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2016, 36(8): 48-51.
[9]	Zhuang Yugui, Li Liangchao. Simplified preparation of K_²FeO_⁴ and its effect on the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2013, 33(4): 45-47.
[10]	Miao Zongcheng, Wang Lei, Huo Xiaoping, Zhang Yongming, Wang Dengwu, Li Zhongjin. Application of the simultaneously used potassium ferrate-polyferric sulfate to the treatment of integrated tanning wastewater [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2013, 33(2): 45-47.
[11]	Zhou Jianhong, Li Jun, Ling Yulin, Li Fangwen. Study on the treatment of phenol wastewater by using potassium ferrate combined with sodium hypochlorite [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2013, 33(10): 27-29.
[12]	Miao Zongcheng, Wang Lei, Zhang Yongming, Huo Xiaoping, Li Zhongjin. Mechanism of potassium ferrate COD removing effect [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2011, 31(8): 32-34.
[13]	Ding Bo, Yin Pinghe, Zhao Ling, Wang Dan. Potassium ferrate (Ⅵ) degradation of bisphenol A in the secondary sedimentation tank effluent [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2011, 31(4): 26-29.
[14]	He Wenli, Gui Herong, Yuan Zhihua, Wu Bin, He Can. Removal of lead， cadmium， iron， and manganese from mine water by potassium ferrate coagulation [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2009, 29(10): 83-86.
[15]	Gong Xiaofeng, Wu Hesheng, Huang Huaxing, Zhang Zhenhui. Research on potassium ferrate pretreating the landfill leachate [J]. INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT, 2007, 27(8): 48-51.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export