The conditions for the preparation of activated carbon from corn cob as raw material,treated with NaHCO3 as activating agent,through microwave radiation have been optimized by response surface method(RSM) and central composite design(CCD).The effects of the radiation power,radiation time,and impregnation ratio on the adsorption capacity and yield results are investigated.The optimum conditions for preparing activated carbon from corn cob are as follows:radiation power is 385.74 W,radiation time 5 min and impregnation ratio 4.The experimental and predicted results for the adsorption capacity on methylene blue(MB) and yield of AC are 241.76 mg/g,27.39% and 253 mg/g,28.28%,respectively.The predicted adsorption capacity and yield after process optimization conform to the experimental values,verifying the efficiency of the model.

Homogeneous Fenton-like technology, as an efficient water treatment process, has been widely applied in the remediation of complex industrial wastewater. In recent years, the continuous proposal of novel mechanisms within homogeneous Fenton-like systems has provided new opportunities for the deep degradation of pollutants,among which the complexation-mediated interactions between metal ions and pollutants are of particular significance. This paper systematically reviewed the critical roles of metal-pollutant complexes in Fenton-like systems, with a focused analysis of the efficiency-enhancing mechanisms of complexes in three representative reaction systems: Photo-Fenton systems, H₂O₂ activation systems, and peroxymonosulfate(PMS)/peroxydisulfate(PDS) activation systems. This paper revealed that complexes significantly improved pollutant degradation efficiency by modulating metal redox cycling kinetics, lowering redox potentials, and altering radical generation pathways. Furthermore, the influences of metal ion properties(oxidation states, coordination modes) and pollutant structural characteristics(functional groups, steric hindrance) on complexation behavior were clarified. Based on these mechanistic insights, an innovative “coordination-oxidation synergy” regulatory strategy was proposed. This strategy not only provided novel perspectives for designing highly selective heterogeneous catalysts but also established a theoretical foundation for optimizing process parameters in complex wastewater treatment.

The sources,harmfulness and treatment technologies currently used for treating heavy metal　wastewater　are summarized. Conventional methods including chemical precipitation,electro　chemistry,adsorption,and membrane　separating methods,and new treatment technologies including　nano-technology, photo-catalytic technique,new mesoporous materials and gene engineering technique　are introduced. The mechanisms,research progress,advantages　and disadvantages of the above　treatment techniques are reviewed. The developing trends of these techniques　applied to the treatment of heavy metal wastewater are elaborated.

The factors that result in the corrosion of stainless steel in circulating water are analyzed.The mechanism and forms of the stainless steel corrosion caused by chloride ions are discussed.It is pointed out that the critical chlorine ion concentration which causes stress etching of stainless steel can be affected by various factors,such as water quality,temperature,flow velocity,bacteria,water treatment agents,etc.In order to formulate reasonable controlling indexes of chloride ions,the premise should be making the circulating water treatment scheme perfect.Attention should also be paid to water saving and emission reduction,at the time of making the production run smoothly.

The degradation of organic wastewater by coated photocatalyst has promising future. And the immobilized photocatalyst is attracting people day by day with its specific merits.The preparation and application of TiO₂-coated photocatalyst are discussed after the brief statement of normal uncoated photocatalyst degrading organic wastewater.

It expounds the chemical methods,principle,new development and their applied prospect of phosphorus removal from wastewater. Based on this, it is suggested that the research of the chemical methods of phosphorus removal should be diverted healthfully along with the exploitation of new medicament,the combination of chemical methods with biological methods and combined medicament casting.

The performance of a dynamic membrane bioreactor by using the filter cloth as main material for domestic wastewater treatment at lowtemperatures (9～13 ℃) has been studied. The dynamic membrane could be formed on the surface of the filter cloth soon and develop steadily. When the permeate turbidity is less than 9.5 NTU. TSS is zeroat the most operation time, and its highest level is 5.0 mg/L, the CODand NH 3 -Nremoval rates are 72%~89% and 66%～94%, respectively. The total resistance of the dynamic membrane is lower than that of the microfiltration/ ultrafiltration membrane 2～3 numeral classes. Cake layer resistance is the major pollution resistance.

Polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) is a new non phosphorus, non nitrogenous, environmentally friendly scale inhibitor. The performance of scale inhibition of PESA is evaluated by scale static beaker tests of CaCO₃CaSO₄·2H₂O?BaSO₄SrSO₄CaF₂ . The experimental results show that PESA has excellent scale inhibition for CaCO₃ ?BaSO₄SrSO₄CaF₂ and a certain extent scale inhibition for CaSO ₄·2H₂O, and is a versatile scale inhibitor.

Oil-bearing wastewater has been paid great attention to and its treatment processes, such as physiochemical treatments, biochemical treatments, chemical treatments are reviewed. Most advantages and disadvantages of most of the treatments are summarized and appraised respectively. The latest research achievements and some prospects in this field are also presented. Fundamental research of oil-bearing wastewater treatment has to be taken into account and researches on oil-removing mechanism must be strengthened. The correlation of the key components of oil-bearing wastewater must be made sure. Clean production must be treasured and its discharge has to be decreased and its reuse must be considered strictly

Phosphate-accumulating organisms( PAO )are the key part in enhanced biological phosphorus removingsystems.Their metabolic pathway can influence the performance of the whole system directly．The current researchsituation of metabolic pathway and characters of PAO in the enhanced biological phosphorus removing system isexpounded. The source of reducing power,the metabolic pathway of glycogen,the three modes of TCA cycle and themetabolic shift of PAO during the metabolism process are discussed emphatically.At the end,the future directionand trend in the research on metabolic mechanism of phosphate-accumulating organisms are brought forward.

Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) is arecently developed process to treat organic waste water. The working principle of BAF (up flow and down flow) is presented. Compared with traditional activated sludge system, the main advantages of BAF has stronger treating capacity, better treating effect, less relationship with temperature, higher capacity for absorbing shock load, no requirement for secondary settlement tank, simpler technology flow and more reasonable bacterium structure. The characteristic and application of typical BAF process, at home and abroad, are analysed. What's more, the key technique of BAF about the removal of P and N and its pre-treatment are discussed. BAF process has prosperous future in our country.

An amplification work is carried out in accordance with the pre-modified PTFE membrane fine filtration technology for treating oil-bearing water in oilfields, to verify its feasibility, and at the same time，to determine the design and operation parameters.The results show that after the oil-bearing water is treated by the modified PTFE fine filtration equipment，which is used as a second grade equipment for treating oil-bearing wastewater, the quality can reach the water quality control index of low permeability oil-layer reinjection in Daqing Oil-field, carrying out the application of membrane technology to the oil-bearing wastewater treatment. The treated water quality not only has been improved, but also ensured the wastewater treatment station to provide an effective measure.

The HPLC method for determining phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in industrial wastewater has been established.The chromatogram conditions are as follows:Kromasil-C₁₈ column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),velocity of flow 1 mL/min,column temperature 30 ℃,sample volume 10 μL,mobile phase is V(methanol):V(8 mmol/L KH₂PO₄+4 mmol/L K₂HPO₄)=35:65,and wavelength 235 nm.The results show that the method offeres good linearity from 0.1-100 mg/L,average recovery rate is 98.2% and RSD 1.06%.This method is characterized by easy operation,and rapid and accurate analysis.

Water resource utilization and water management situation in thermal power plants are introduced. Water consumption indexes in thermal power plants between home and aboard are compared. Development and utilization of water resource and water saving and corrective measure for power plants are studied. After the discussion on the effects of power resource sites construction confronting environmental protection and shortage for water resource, it’s advised municipal sewage reuse and seawater desalination be adopted as water consumption development direction for project construction in thermal plants. According to the overall development and distribution for power resource sites, water consumption strategy shall be conducted in a scientific way.

Photocatalytic reaction mechanism of nano-TiO₂ is introduced.The progress in the research on the application of nano-TiO₂ photocatalytic technology to the degradation of wastewater containing oil stain,pesticides,dyeing,surfactant,other organic compounds and heavy metals,and wastewater from paper making is reviewed.The five factors that has limited the practical application of nano-TiO₂ photocatalytic technology,such as themodification,immobility，preparation method,and application mechanism of nano-TiO₂ and their negative influences on the application of nano-TiO₂ are pointed out.Researchers should make continuous improvements on nano-TiO₂ photocatalytic technology,so as to make its application to the treatment of industrial wastewater become broader and more effective.

As a new nitrogen removal technology, Anammox has the advantages of energy conservation, emission reduction and no additional carbon source. The Anammox technology has great application value in the treatment of wastewater with low C/N. However, Anammox can not be quickly started up due to sludge loss in the practical application. Adding mature Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) is an effective way to overcome the above-mentioned challenges. The formation process, mechanism and influencing factors of AnGS were introduced, and the technical issues related to the rapid cultivation of AnGS were summarized. The models of AnGS formation and related researches based on various models were explored. The structural characteristics and microbial community characteristics of AnGS were introduced. The relationship between anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB) and AnGS was elucidated. The effects of inoculation sludge type, reactor type, nitrogen loading rate, organic concentration, quorum sensing, and external forces on the formation of AnGS were analyzed. The phenomenon of AnGS floating was introduced. The relationship between AnGS floating and nitrogen loading rate, bubble was analyzed and discussed. The current issues with AnGS technology were summarized and the research direction on AnGS was prospected. The purpose was to provide reference for the formation of AnGS in full-scale industrialization.

Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) plays an important role in biological wastewater treatment. Theresearches in recent years on the components, structure, physical and chemical properties of EPS, both in China andabroad, are reviewed. The research progress of EPS applied to biological wastewater treatment fields, such asmembrane pollution, sludge characteristics, biological dephosphorization and heavy metal adsorption capacities, issummarized．

Dye wastewater is characterized by "3-high and one-low":high COD,high chroma and high salinity;low BOD5/COD.It is one of the difficult points and hot spots in wastewater treatment.According to the research on the pocesses,such as coagulation,air flotation,anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification and oxic,Fe/C miroelectrolysis system has been used for treating the effluent water from aerobic tank.The results show that the removing rates of COD and chroma are over 80% and 85%,respectively under the conditions of pH 3.5,Fe/C ratio 1∶1.2 and reaction time 35 min.The COD concentration is below 60 mg/L and chroma in effluent is below 42 degree,reaching the first grade of Discharge Standard of the Pollutants in Dyeing and Finishing of Textile Industry(GB 4287-1992).

Nanofiltration membranes are widely used in water treatment, drinking water treatment, seawater desalination, lithium extraction from salt lakes, zero discharge of industrial wastewater and other fields due to their advantages of low operating pressure and strong selective separation, while membrane pollution restricts the long-term stable operation of nanofiltration membranes in actual production. Therefore, improving the anti-fouling properties of nanofiltration membranes is crucial for ensuring the application of nanofiltration membranes. Firstly, starting from the primary preparation technology of nanofiltration membranes, interfacial polymerization technology, the research status of nanofiltration membranes with excellent performance was introduced in detail through the regulation of interfacial polymerization process and the development of new interfacial polymerization technologies. Secondly, the application of nanofiltration membranes in various fields and membrane fouling issues were briefly described. Then, the research progress of anti-fouling nanofiltration membrane preparation was reviewed from the aspects of developing new monomer materials, selecting modification materials (including nanomaterials and polymer materials), and post-treatment modification technology. Finally, the problems faced by anti-fouling nanofiltration membranes in the application process were summarized, and the future development direction of anti-fouling nanofiltration membranes was pointed out.

Antibiotic wastewater normally contains a lot of organic matter including bacteriostatic and toxic as well as recalcitrant compounds and has dark color, which therefore is regarded as a non-biodegradable wastewater. The introduction of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)and its application progress in antibiotic wastewater treatment especially pretreatment are focused on, and the potential use of antibiotic wastewater treatment with AOPs is analyzed.

In recent years,the advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) in which the free radicals(·OH) is generated has been paid more and more attentions for its advantage on the degradation of refractory organic pollutants.As a new form of AOPs,heterogeneous catalytic ozonation could combine the oxidizing capacity of ozone with the adsorption and catalysis of adsorbent quite well,which obtains higher mineralization of organisms.Most of researches show that the catalysts play an important role in the purifying process of different organisms.The mechanisms of catalytic ozonation are introduced briefly first,and then the catalysts recently used in this process are summarized in detail.

In order to improve the operating efficiency of the two-stage AO-type gravel contact oxidation process to treat severe black and odorous water bodies，the optimal hydraulic retention time（HRT），internal reflux ratio and influent water distribution ratio of the treatment system were investigated. And the pollutant degradation laws in different functional areas were also studied. The results showed that the best operating parameters of the system were：HRT was 10 h，internal reflux ratio was 200%，influent water distribution ratio was 6∶4. Under this working condition，the treated water volume per unit time increased by 20% compared with the start-up period，and the removal rates of CODand TN were 88% and 55%，respectively，which increased by 18% and 15% compared with the start-up period. The removal rate of NH₄ ⁺-N stabilized at about 90%. A moderate increase in internal reflux ratio provided more NO₃ ^--N to promote the first-stage AO denitrification，and an increase in influent water distribution ratio could optimize the supply of carbon source for denitrification，thereby increasing the TN removal rate of the system. Research showed that the optimized two-stage AO-type gravel contact oxidation process had greater processing capacity and better denitrification and carbon removal effects on severe black and odorous water bodies.

The membrane separation technologies and their characteristics are introduced brief ly.The past developmentof membrane separation technologies and their applicat ions to wastewater treatment are overview ed.Atthe same time, the current research and some questio ns of membrane separation technologies which are electrodialysis, microfilt ration, ult rafilt ration, reverse osmosis and nanofilt ration and their applicatio ns to wastewatertreatment are analy zed in detail.Then, the novel research and development of membrane preparation, moduleand technique are discussed, and the article gives the potential of membrane separation technologies applied towastewater t reatment.It is predicted that the membrane separation technologies w ill be developed further, andthey will strongly inf luence the way of wastewater treatment in this century.

The preparation techniques of immerse precipitation, thermally induced phase separation and thermally assisted evaporative separation for PVDF microporous membrane are reviewed. The research focuses on the effects of solvents, non-solvents, coagulation temperature, additives, evaporation time on the properties and structure of PVDF membranes. The hydrophilic modification of PVDF microporous membrane is introduced briefly.

Zeolite is a kind of aluminosilicate mineral which has excellent adsorption and ion exchange properties. It has a wide range of applications for environmental treatment. The research progress in the application of zeolite in the environmental field, especially in wastewater treatment is introduced. Furthermore, the applications of zeolite to the removal of ammonia nitrogen, organic pollutants, heavy metals, radioactive substances, fluorine, etc. from water are summarized emphatically.

The harmfulness of arsenic-contaminated wastewater,and the present situation and future development concerningits treatment are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of various methods,their applied conditions and actualfeasibilities are compared and assessed in detail.A novel treating method,biological treatment coupled with physicochemicaltreatment,is suggested as a promising technique.

Aiming at the phenomena,such as the presence,migration and conversion of environmental estrogens (EEs),the source,hazard,typical distribution of EEs existed in sewage,and their main technical progress are summarized. Meanwhile,some key techniques and relevant mechanisms that need to be worked out are proposed, including that the detection method of EEs in sludge should be improved,the contrast of EEs removal in different processing units should be analyzed in depth,and the effects of sludge on the adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors of EEs should be systematically studied.

The ZSM- 5 zeolite with high ratio of silicon to aluminium is used for adsorbing aniline in water.The results show that the ratio of adsorption of the ZSM- 5 zeolite for aniline is very rapid and its removal rate > 90% when the adsorption time is 5 min. The removal rates of aniline in water is 95.7% when the ratio of zeolite to wastewater is 8 g/L. With the increase of pH, the adsorption rate of aniline on zeolite increase. With the increase of temperature, the adsorption rate of aniline on zeolite increase but reaches 96% even under normal temperature. The saturation adsorbing capacities of aniline is 37.322 5 mg/g, and its regularity of adsorption accords with isothermal adsorption model of Langmuir. In fact, the results of the treatment of ani line -bearing wastewater indicate that ZSM- 5 zeolite is not only able to remove aniline, but remove COD_Cr and NH₃-N very efficiently.

The electrodeionization （EDI） used for recovering wastewater containing heavy metals is a kind of membrane separation-desalination technology，which organically combines the electrodialysis membrane technology and the ion exchange technology together. The membrane technology has the following distinguished advantages: continuously running， without using acid-alkali and friendly to environment etc. The technologies used for recovering wastewaters containing copper or nickel are introduced. Based upon characteristics of the wastewater containing heavy metals，an EDI equipment， filled up with layers of cation resin （main part） and anion resin， has been designed. By using this technology，replacing the traditional ion exchange one，the recovery and use of wastewater containing heavy metals，with closed recycling，zero draining and no pollution，can be successfully realized.

Chemical precipitation process is a traditional water treatment process,having many advantages,such as mature technology,little investment,low cost,highly automatic level,etc.and has been applied extensively in the world.The research development of the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals and expounds the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of chemical precipitation processes,the effects of influencing factors on heavy metal removing rates,and the research directions in the future are introduced mainly.