摘要：

为解决我国煤矸石、粉煤灰、煤气化渣等煤基大宗固废堆存带来的严峻环境压力， 并应对工业废水处理领域对高效、低成本絮凝剂的迫切需求，本研究针对煤基固废资源化制 备高性能絮凝剂进行总结、分析及研究，以实现“以废治废”和助力水处理技术的绿色可持续 发展。通过系统梳理研究现状，总结了以煤基固废为原料制备絮凝剂的主要方法。其核心工 艺普遍为‘焙烧-酸浸-聚合’，旨在从固废中高效提取硅、铝、铁等活性组分，进而合成如聚 硅酸铝铁（PAFS）、聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）及聚合氯化铝（PAC）等无机或复合絮凝剂。 研究通常采用 XRD、FTIR、SEM 等技术对产物结构进行表征，并通过处理模拟与实际废水 来系统评估其絮凝性能。利用煤基固废制备絮凝剂在技术、经济及环境层面均具备高度可行 性，是实现固废高值化资源利用的有效途径，在未来工业废水处理市场中具有广阔的应用前 景。但同时当前该技术仍面临活性组分溶出率、产品稳定性及规模化制备等挑战，未来研究 需在原料预处理、配方优化及残渣综合利用等方面持续深化，以加速其工程化应用。

关键词: 煤基固废, 絮凝剂, 资源化利用, 废水处理, 作用机理

Abstract:

To address the severe environmental pressure caused by the stockpiling of coal gangue， fly ash，and coal gasification slag in China，and to meet the urgent demand for efficient and low-cost flocculants in the industrial wastewater treatment field，this study summarizes，analyzes， and researches the resource utilization of coal-based solid waste to prepare high-performance flocculants，aiming to achieve "waste-to-waste" treatment and promote the green and sustainable development of water treatment technology. By systematically reviewing the current research status，this paper summarizes the main methods for preparing flocculants from coal-based solid waste. The core process is generally "roasting - acid leaching - polymerization" ， aiming to efficiently extract active components such as silicon，aluminum，and iron from the solid waste， and then synthesize inorganic or composite flocculants such as polyaluminum ferric silicate （PAFS），polyaluminum ferric chloride（PAFC），and polyaluminum chloride（PAC）. Research usually characterizes the structure of the products using techniques such as XRD，FTIR，and SEM， and systematically evaluates their flocculation performance through the treatment of simulated and actual wastewater. The preparation of flocculants from coal-based solid waste is highly feasible in terms of technology，economy，and the environment，and is an effective way to achieve high-value utilization of solid waste. It has broad application prospects in the future industrial wastewater treatment market. However，at the same time，the current technology still faces challenges such as the dissolution rate of active components，product stability，and large-scale preparation. Future

research needs to continuously deepen in aspects such as raw material pretreatment ， formula optimization，and comprehensive utilization of residues to accelerate its engineering application. Key words：coal-based solid waste；flocculant；resource utilization；wastewater treatment； mechanism of action

Key words: coal-based solid waste, flocculant, resource utilization, wastewater treatment, mechanism of action

中图分类号: 

• TQ53

• X703